background: we aimed to evaluate the effect of body weight and body mass index (bmi) on bone mineral density (bmd) in healthy postmenopausal iranian women.    material and methods: two hundred postm­enopausal women (age between 51 and 69 years) who had presented to the nuclear medicine center at shariati hospital in tehran, iran between april 2012 and august 2013 were included in this cross sec...

background: low back pain is the most common cause of disability and absence from work among young and middle-aged people. as there is limited knowledge regarding this problem among iranian students, this study aimed to determine the prev­alence of low back pain and its ‘related socio­demographic factors among students of islamic azad university, tehran, iran.    materials and methods: two hu...

Dens invaginatus is an anomaly of the tooth formation of embryonic origin that presents itself in several morphologic types. The complex anatomy of these teeth makes nonsurgical endodontic treatment complex and more so when its apex is immature. The 2 cases reported illustrate the nonsurgical endodontic management of a dens invaginatus type II and type III with an immature apex and periapical l...

211 A class of high dens ity assoc iat ive memories is constructed, starting from a description of desired properties those should exhib it. These propert ies include high capac ity, controllable bas ins of attraction and fast speed of convergence. Fortunately enough, the resulting memory is implementable by an artificial Neural Net.

A hydrostat ic weighing system is described t hat provicies inciepenci (' nt valu ('s of apparent mass with a standard deviat ion of a bou t 0.2 microgra m. The ciefi ni t ion of " inciep(, IHI<'n t" used here includes the requirement t hat t he sample under observat ion be removed from Lhe water, dried, and recleaned between measurements. This precis ion is between one a nd two orders better t...

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth to and nurture their young in dens of ice and snow. During 1999– 2001, we measured the structure of 22 dens on the coastal plain of northern Alaska after polar bear families had evacuated their dens in the spring. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, we revisited the sites of 42 maternal and autumn exploratory dens and recorded characteristics of the und...

What should governments in mineralrich states do about the gap between rich and poor populations (vertical in e qual ity), and the gap between mineralrich and mineralpoor regions (horizontal in e qual ity)? This chapter looks at how mineral wealth can affect vertical and horizontal in e qual ity, and what governments can do about it. It also explores the advantages and disadvantages of the dece...

Dens invaginatus, also known as “dens in dente”, is a developmental dental anomaly resulting in an invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla. These cases present technical difficulties to the root canal treatment. Apexification using an apical plug of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been indicated as an alternative to long-term intracanal use of calcium hydroxide in immature...

purpose: given that weight and body mass index (bmi) are considered as modifiable factors in osteoporosis, the present study aimed to examine the relationship of weight and bmi with bone mineral density (bmd) and bone mineral content (bmc) at the femur and lumbar vertebrae in perimenopausal women. methods: in this descriptive-correlational study, we measured the bone density of the femur and lu...

background: the purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term changes in bone density profile among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. patients and methods: this was a 5 year prospective study comprised of thirty-one survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a mean age of 11.8 (4.6) years, who completed therapy at least 1 year previously (according to the all-...